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视网膜动脉阻塞(中央视网膜动脉阻塞,眼中风,视网膜动脉阻断)

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视网膜动脉阻塞饮食指南:支持眼部健康与血管功能

一、饮食核心原则

  1. 心血管健康优先

    • 低钠(每日<2,300mg,理想<1,500mg)

    • 低饱和脂肪(<7%总热量)

    • 高抗氧化剂(维生素C、E、锌)

    • 控制血糖(GI<55食物为主)

  2. 热量与体重管理

    • 维持健康体重(BMI 18.5-24.9)

    • 避免肥胖,减少心血管风险

二、推荐食物清单

类别优选食物食用建议
富含Omega-3三文鱼、鲭鱼、亚麻籽、核桃每周至少2次鱼类,或补充剂(咨询医生)
抗氧化蔬菜菠菜、羽衣甘蓝、胡萝卜、甜椒每日至少400g,多样化摄入
全谷物燕麦、糙米、全麦面包占主食50%以上,控制精制碳水
水果蓝莓、柑橘、苹果(带皮)每日200-300g,选择低糖水果
健康脂肪橄榄油、牛油果、坚果(无盐)烹调油<25g/天,坚果每日一小把

三、必须限制的食物

  1. 绝对避免

    • 高钠食物:加工肉类、罐头、咸零食

    • 反式脂肪:油炸食品、人造黄油

    • 高糖饮料: soda、果汁饮料

  2. 严格限制

    • 红肉:牛肉、猪肉(每周≤1次)

    • 酒精:限制或避免(咨询医生)

    • 高胆固醇食物:蛋黄(每日≤1个)、动物内脏

四、七日参考食谱

早餐:燕麦粥(40g)加蓝莓和核桃+煮鸡蛋1个
加餐:胡萝卜条或苹果片
午餐:烤三文鱼(100g)+ quinoa沙拉 with spinach and olive oil dressing
晚餐:鸡胸肉 stir-fry with bell peppers and brown rice

烹饪TIP

  • 使用 herbs and spices instead of salt for flavor

  • Steam or bake instead of frying

  • Monitor portion sizes to avoid overeating

五、关键营养素补充

  1. Lutein and Zeaxanthin: leafy greens, eggs (support retinal health)

  2. Vitamin C: citrus fruits, berries (antioxidant protection)

  3. Zinc: nuts, seeds, legumes (important for eye function)

  4. Omega-3 Fatty Acids: as above (reduce inflammation)

六、特殊人群调整

  1. 高血压患者

    • Strict sodium control (<1,500mg/day)

    • Increase potassium-rich foods like bananas and potatoes

  2. 糖尿病患者

    • Monitor carbohydrate intake, focus on low-GI foods

    • Regular blood sugar checks

  3. Elderly patients

    • Ensure adequate protein to prevent muscle loss

    • Soft foods if chewing difficulties

七、饮食误区澄清

❌ 误区1: "Eating more carrots will cure eye problems"
✅ 真相: Carrots help but are not a cure; a balanced diet is key.

❌ 误区2: "Supplements can replace a healthy diet"
✅ 真相: Supplements should complement, not replace, whole foods.

❌ 误区3: "All fats are bad for the heart"
✅ 真相: Healthy fats like omega-3s are beneficial.

效果监测
Regular follow-ups with healthcare provider:

  • Blood pressure checks

  • Cholesterol levels

  • Eye exams to monitor retinal health

注意事项

  • Consult a doctor or dietitian for personalized advice, especially if on medications.

  • Sudden dietary changes should be gradual to avoid issues.

  • Combine diet with other lifestyle changes like exercise and no smoking.

Diet plays a supportive role in managing retinal artery occlusion; always follow medical advice for treatment.

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