髌腱断裂(参考外科学)
髌腱断裂应该如何护理？
髌腱断裂日常护理指南
一、急性期护理
立即处理
保持患肢制动，避免进一步损伤
应用冰敷减轻肿胀（每次15-20分钟，间隔1-2小时）
抬高患肢高于心脏水平
就医准备
记录受伤时间和机制
准备相关病史信息
避免自行尝试复位或行走
二、术后护理
伤口护理
保持敷料清洁干燥，按医嘱更换
观察伤口有无红肿、渗液或感染迹象
避免沾水，洗澡时使用防水保护
疼痛管理
按时服用止痛药物，遵循医嘱剂量
使用冰敷辅助缓解疼痛
记录疼痛程度和变化，及时反馈医生
三、康复期护理
物理治疗
在康复师指导下进行渐进式锻炼
初期 focus on range of motion exercises
后期逐步加入 strength training
活动限制
避免负重和剧烈运动 until cleared by doctor
使用拐杖或助行器 as needed
逐步增加活动量， monitor for pain or instability
四、心理支持
情绪调节
保持积极心态， set realistic recovery goals
与家人朋友沟通， seek emotional support
参与轻度休闲活动 to reduce stress
睡眠管理
确保充足休息， 7-9 hours per night
使用 pillows to support the injured leg in bed
避免 caffeine before bedtime
五、家庭环境调整
安全措施
移除家中绊倒 hazards like rugs or clutter
安装 handrails in bathrooms and stairs
Keep frequently used items within easy reach
营养支持
均衡饮食， rich in protein for tissue repair
Ensure adequate hydration
Consider supplements like vitamin C and calcium if advised
六、并发症预防
血栓预防
Perform ankle pumps and leg exercises as recommended
Watch for signs of DVT like swelling, pain, or redness
Follow doctor's advice on anticoagulants if prescribed
感染监控
Monitor temperature for fever
Report any increased pain, redness, or discharge from wound
Practice good hand hygiene
七、长期护理
随访检查
Attend all scheduled follow-up appointments
Undergo imaging tests as needed to monitor healing
Discuss progress with healthcare team
生活方式调整
Gradually return to sports or activities with professional guidance
Incorporate knee-strengthening exercises into routine
Avoid high-impact activities until fully recovered
八、紧急情况处理
危险信号
Sudden severe pain or swelling
Inability to move the leg or bear weight
Signs of infection or blood clot
应急步骤
Contact healthcare provider immediately
Go to emergency room if symptoms are severe
Keep emergency numbers handy
重要提示：
护理需个体化，遵循医生具体指导
康复过程可能漫长，保持耐心
任何疑问及时咨询医疗专业人员
通过科学护理和积极康复，大多数髌腱断裂患者可以恢复良好功能。关键在于严格遵守医嘱，逐步进行康复训练，并注意预防并发症。
